Whilst recently configuring Windows Deployment Services on a Windows Server 2003 R2 Enterprise SP2 system, I noticed the error code 0xE0000102 appear while running through the server configuration. The configuration bombs out and you are left with an unconfigured WDS server.
I think I have this one nailed. It seems that if your system had Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 2 installed before you joined a domain, you will hit this error.
I noticed this in my lab environment, where I commonly build a virtual server template with 2003 R2 SP2. All new servers are cloned from there. Once the clone is created, I join them to a domain if required, so SP2 exists prior to domain joining.
The answer? Remove SP2, reboot, reinstall.